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((5) 5 00 EXERC,SES 






TEACHERS' HELP MANUAL SERIES. 



2tcr. 1. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR 



EXERCISES. 



EDITED BY 



SEYMOUR 






i* 



FIFTEENTH THOUSAND. 



BOSTON : 

NEW ENGLAND PUBLISHING CO., 
3 Somerset Street. 



\ 



V 




TE-iiti 



Copyright, 1887, 
Bt Seymour Eaton. 



Electrotyted by J. S. Gushing & Co., Boston. 



Presswork bt Berwick & Smith, Boston. 



CZQo 



EDITOR'S NOTE. 



This collection of exercises is intended to supplement the ordi- 
nary text-books on English Grammar. It is the first number 
of a series of exercise-books now in course of preparation. A 
later number will contain exercises in Composition. Teachers 
making use of these exercises and questions in their classes will 
have to use their own judgment as to the best method of pre- 
senting them. Within one month ten thousand teachers will 
hare examined this book. The Editor hopes that the influence 
of their opinions may bring it into the hands of many pupils. 

Boston, Sept. 1, 1887. 



35 



Practical Grammar. 



1. Write the names of the days of the week; the tivelve months; 
the seasons. 

2. Quote from memory eight lines of poetry. 

3. Copy these sentences, correcting errors in the use of capital 
or small letters : George Washington was President of the united 
states. I am going by the new york central Railway. Lake erie 
is north of the state of ohio. March, april, and may are Spring 
months. The bay of biscay is west of France. Pekin is the 
Capital of the empire of china. 

4. Write the correct abbreviation of each of the following words : 
Alabama, Ontario, Kentucky, Thomas, captain, Esquire, Cali- 
fornia, William, colonel, general, February, Illinois, Michigan, 
Quebec, doctor, George, Florida, agent, Manitoba, Colorado. 

5. What kind of nouns always begin with capitals? 

6. Write a word that is the name of a flower ; a bird ; a fruit ; 
a country ; a town ; a river ; a fish ; an insect ; a tree ; an animal ; 
a lake ; a city ; a month ; a boy ; a girl ; a color ; a church ; a 
vegetable. 

7. Write a sentence containing twelve ivords, and requiring 
four capital letters. 

8. Copy the following words, putting capitals where necessary : 
James, house, road, london, chair, country, farm, pencil, england, 
Chicago, river, town, gold, tongue, Jennie, samuel, new england, 
rhcde island, Cleveland. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 



9. Write the name of something that is made of wood ; of iron ; 
of leather ; of brass ; of paper ; of chalk ; of slate ; of wool ; of 
hair ; of cotton ; of bone ; of steel ; of china ; of cloth ; of clay ; 
of gold ; of silver ; of tin. 

10. Write Jive sentences each requiring five capital letters. 

11. Copy these sentences, correcting errors in the use of capital 
or small letters : easter Sunday comes in april next year. James 
alien lives in new Orleans. What does John think of robert's 
success? Where is the century magazine published? Wednesday 
will be the middle day of July. 

12. Name the jiarts of a bed ; a lamp ; a chair ; a stove ; a 
house ; a book ; a knife ; a coat ; a shoe ; a hat ; a wagon ; an 
apple ; a tree ; a door ; a boat ; a clock ; an egg ; a wheel. 

13. Name a word which is spelled by one letter, always a capital. 
What part of speech is it? 

14. Arrange each group of words so as to form a sentence : 

Over, barn, Thomas, the, to, went, hill. woods, her, sister, 

lost, my, hat, the, in. room, in, were, 9 o'clock, you, at, 

the? new, father, to-day, bought, of, a, boots, pair, me. 

slate, Fannie, her, on, drawn, a, has, picture. 

15. What kind of sentence is each line of the following : 

O ! call my brother back to me ! 

I cannot play alone. 
The summer comes with flower and bee : 

Where is my brother gone? 

16. Make a statement about a horse ; a house ; a river ; a desk ; 
a pen ; the sun ; the moon ; the stars ; the window ; the black- 
board ; an egg ; an apple ; an ox ; your ink ; your books ; your 
clothes. 

17. Write a sentence containing fifteen words. 

18. Write a name meaning nearly the same as prison ; aid ; 
parcel ; error ; pupil ; reply ; fraud ; earth ; labor ; street ; learn- 
ing ; cargo ; conduct ; flesh ; wages ; companion ; wealth ; mer- 
chandise. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 



19. Write the correct abbreviation of each of the folloiving words : 
Sunday, Wednesday, September, Mister, postmaster, principal, 
superintendent, barrels, dozen, interest, month, number, post- 
office, first, second, fourth. 

20. Write the plurals of the folloiving names: Tree, bird, wing, 
cricket, stick, stone, grasshopper, flower, meadow, potato, cargo, 
family, turkey, hawk, woman, gas, bench, tooth, knife, wolf, thief, 
plow, monkey, handkerchief, country, cherry, buoy. 

21. Copy these sentences, correcting errors in the use of capital 
or small letters : Peter the great worked in Holland in disguise. 
Napoleon bonaparte was emperor of france. There is no baptist 
church in the town. Every intelligent american citizen should 
vote. He went from st. louis to kansas city on monday. The 
english Channel separates england and france. 

22. Name ten ivords ending with f and give the plural of each. 
Name Jive ivords which add es to form the plural. Name a word 
which adds ren to form the plural. 

23. Analyse the folloiving stanza : 

His hair is crisp, and black, and long ; 

His face is like the tan ; 
His brow is wet with honest sweat ; 

He earns whate'er he can. 

24. Name the silent letters in each of the following ivords: 
Fight, league, blighted, sight, lead, beautiful, valley, pleasant, 
palm, psalm, hymn, column, vague, tomb, thumb, chalk, doubt, 
knee, gnat, letter. 

25. What two uses are made of the apostrophe in composition? 

26. Explain the meaning of each of the following abbreviations : 
Me., Pa., Mo., Ga., Md., Del., A. D., P. M., P. S., N. H., N. Y., 
inst., doz., prox., ult., yd., viz., etc., lbs., C. O. D., Y. M. C. A., 
I. O. O. F. 

27. Write the folloiving as six lines of poetry : put capitals where 
necessary : It was a summer evening ; old kasper's work was done, 
and he before his cottage door was sitting in the sun, and by him 
sported on the green his little grandchild, wilhelmine. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 



28. Write Jive sentences about a thunder storm. 

29. Write adjectives which denote strength, length, speed, 
power, weight, beauty, wealth, brilliancy. 

30. Copy the following words, putting capitals where necessary: 
Saturday, continent, jounced, September, margaret, picturesque, 
north, columbus, africa, atlantic, mountains, residence, chemicals, 
alexander, Chicago, merchant. 

31. Without changing the meaning, change the order of the words 
in the following sentences : In a gloomy cavern, lived a pious 
hermit. There arose a great uproar in the camp. There was a 
great crowd in the building. Into the tent walked two Indians. 
Into the midst of the men galloped the frightened horse. 

32. Analyse the folloioing stanza : 

The lark is up to meet the sun, 

The bee is on the wing ; 
The ant its labor has begun, 

The woods with music ring. 

33. Write a list of ten words each of which can be used either as 
a noun or an adjective. 

34. Write the plurals of the following nouns: Fac-simile, ship- 
master, checker-board, man-of-war, 9, Jones, Miss, Mr., focus, 
datum, crisis, cherub, beau, axis, basis, minutia, nebula. 

35. Write the feminine forms of the folloioing names: Lion, 
poet, prince, adventurer, actor, executor, testator, king, father, 
negro, emperor, duke, hero, widower, tiger. 

36. Write a list of adjectives corresponding to the following ab- 
stract 7iouns: Width, popularity, wisdom, piety, poverty, height, 
depth, patience, prosperity, sleepiness, breadth, grandeur, length, 
purity, heroism. 

37. Write sentences containing the following words: Was, are, 
have, has, were, seen, saw, done, did, is, come, go, went, gone. 

38. Wliat two adjectives change their form to denote the plural 

number f 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 



39. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : The bells 
of the city does not ring. Oar children comes home from school 
early. The birds sees the nest. My brothers writes for the 
papers. The boys on the boat sees the land. 

40. Write the plurals of the folloiving names: Sleigh, overcoat, 
chimney, lantern, judge, wharf, penny, life, kiss, volcano, lily, 
sheep, jockey, valley, donkey, tax, child, street, pulley, berry, 
journey, deer, mystery, fairy, calico, buffalo. 

41. Of the following sentences, make the subjects plural and 
change the verbs to correspond : The cow walks along the plank. 
The pen lies on the table. A volcano sends up fire and smoke. 
The lady sits in the carriage. The ship sails very slowly. The 
camel carries a very heavy burden. 

42. Add to each of these sentences the word yesterday, and write 
correctly: The girl is singing. The little boy walks to town. 
Thomas does his work well. The lamps are burning brightly. 
We do this work easily. 

43. Write a list of nouns having the same form for both singular 
and plural. 

44. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : William 
has did his work well. Have the parcels came }*et? Carrie come 
home last night. Father has drove from Elderville. The boys 
have blew out the light. The}* have arose early this morning. 
The wind blowed a perfect gale. They have broke their bargain. 
The boy catched these fish. Fannie has drew a verj' good picture. 

45. In the following sentences, substitute plural for singular 
pronouns : He asked his brother to wait for him. She asked her 
sister to come for me. I left my parcel behind with him. John 
says that he has not heard her sing. It was an old book I gave 
to my father. 

46. Copy the folloiving sentences, correcting errors : He has 
sang in public. Has he spoke to you about it? He strived to 
obtain the appointment. Annie has wrote three letters. They 
were took from the table. William has strove hard to win the 
prize. Are all the pieces weaved? I have threw away my peaches. 
Is your coat tore? He has wore these boots three months. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 



47. Analyse the following sentences: Tall oaks from little acorns 
grow. No man can serve two masters. Under a spreading chest- 
nut tree, the village smithy stands. A wise son maketh a glad 
father. The path of glory leads but to the grave. 

48. What two uses are made of the hyphen in writing words f 

49. Ask a quest/on beginning with the word (1) Was ; (2) Is ; 
(3) Are ; (4) Has ; (5) Have. 

50. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : Is the 
clothes dry? The children was at the picnic. The irons was on 
the stove an hour ago. Is the scissors in your drawer? Where 
was you last night. Has the boys come home yet ? 

51. Write sentences containing the following ivords used (1) as 
nouns, and (2) as verbs: Man, load, pass, work, play, hand, 
whip, heat, chain, stand, fly, rock, strap, point, milk, fan, iron, 
water, fire, sail. 

52. Write four forms of each of the following verbs : See, write, 
do, go, have, sing, begin, arise, blow, break, crow, dive, draw, 
drive, eat, fly, freeze, grow, know, lie, mow, ring, shake, take, 
wear. 

53. Analyse the following stanza : 

Tell me not in mournful numbers, 

Life is but an empty dream ; 
For the soul is dead that slumbers, 

And things are not what they seem. 

54. Write a list of abstract nouns that correspond to the follow- 
ing adjectives: Just, weak, wicked, wide, humble, popular, broad, 
wise, strong, long, merry, pious, poor, sad, soft, good, meek, 
splendid. 

55. Write correct abbreviations of the following Christian 
names: Charles, Robert, Edward, George, James, Thomas, John, 
Joseph, William. 

56. Compare the folloiving adjectives : Wise, numerous, good, 
dangerous, evil, much, fore, far, near, late, old, happy, angry, 
curious, ugly, wealthy, careless, illustrious, beautiful. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 



57. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : The plant 
has grew six inches. The water is froze. I have always gave him 
good advice. I eat a hearty breakfast this morning. Father has 
went with me several times. 

58. Correct where necessary the following plurals: Monies, flys, 
chimnies, ladies, mouses, potatoes, negros, monkeys, mosquitos, 
valleys, halfs, keyes, leafs, storys, shelfs, foxs, kidneys, turkeys, 
birchs, gasses, benches. 

59. Write a short conversation beliveen a merchant and one of 
his customers. 

60. Write the possessive form of each of the following nouns : 
Countiy, goodness, goose, citizen, child, girl, fly, mouse, Wash- 
ington, Xerxes, Cyrus, James, justice, jury, father, sister, lawyer. 

61. Write a list of nouns having both regular and irregular 
plurals. 

62. Analyse the following stanza : 

I chatter over stony ways, 

In little sharps and trebles ; 
I bubble into eddying bays, 

I babble on the pebbles. 

63. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : Has your 
mother went yet ? My brother seen your father. Have you shook 
the carpet? Has Frank sawn his wood? I have rang several 
times. 

64. Write the plurals of the following nouns : Glory, folio, 
cargo, cross, smith, formula, deer, radius, sheaf, history, hero, 
potato, woman, tooth, knife, elf, loaf, wharf, glass, atlas, circus, 
ratio. 

65. Express in some other ivay the meaning of each of the fol- 
lowing sentences : Believing 3*011 to be honest, I trust you. At 
the approach of spring all nature becomes glad. Hardness is a 
property of iron. This book belongs to John. My father owns 
that horse. 

66. Write a list of nouns derived from the following verbs : 
Speak, heal, sing, live, drink, fly, bind, strike, relieve, set, feed, 
warm, iron, hold, keep, sail, pay. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 



67. Name the pronouns in the following, and state the class to 
ichich each belongs: Which is the picture that they selected? 
Who is he to whom you gave what I sent? I know not what to 
do nor which to choose. I, myself, saw him speak to the others. 
Whatever he touched turned to gold. 

68. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors in the use of 
the possessive form : The mans' horses ran away. Is Marys' 
slate in your desk? He admires the ladys beauty. Who stole 
Johns sisters books? Your's and their' s were lost. A young 
mens' class has been organized. Has he gone to the bakers? 
My sister attends a ladie's college. 

69. Analyse the following stanza : 

Full many a gem of purest ray serene, 

The dark, unfathomed caves of ocean bear ; 

Full many a flower is born to blush unseen, 
And waste its sweetness on the desert air. 

70. Write a sentence requiring the following punctuation marks : 
A comma, a period, an interrogation poiiit, and quotation marks. 

71. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : Is your 
sisters' arm broke? Have you drew your wages? The boys have 
broke a window. The insect creeped up the wall. They have did 
itheir work. We drawed this from the swamp. 

72. Form adverbs from the following words: Two, thus, times, 
"day, chance, purpose, wise, just, gentle, faltering, decided, per- 
plexing, careful, peaceable, sober, brave, occasional, prudent, 
;f earless. 

73. In the following sentences, point out the verbals used as 
(1) nouns, (2) adjectives, (3) adverbs: They have gone to stay. 
Have they courage to try? The bird flying is a wren. To resist 
evil by evil is evil. I was persuaded to remain. Was my brother 
punished ? 

74. Write the three principal parts or forms of each of the follow- 
ing verbs : To be, go, do, raise, rise, lie, lay, set, sit, tell, find, flow, 
flee, fly, try, steal, ride, love, lend, take, quiet, prove, freeze, lose, 
loose, pay, say, send, shoot, spend, think, wear, bite, catch, may, 
forget, blow, give, know, write. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 9 

75. In what tense is each of the following verbs? Run, come, 
did, shall go, might have gone, had been, were, am, to go, have 
been made, would try, will have been sold, shall be found. 

76. Change the structure of each sentence : By whom was the 
telephone invented ? Who discovered the source of the Nile ? To 
become a good mechanic requires skill and patience. Columbus 
discovered America. There was nothing seen. 

77. Deny the contrary of each statement : He is wise. Only a 
small part of Arabia is fertile. I am unhappy. I will remain 
with you. We looked on nothing we could call our own. 

78. Copy the following words, correcting errors in spelling: 
Adress, January, Wedensday, commerce, manifactures, shrubs, 
descriptive, invaluable, abridgement, woolen, Feburary, cerials, 
receits, sulfuric acid, amalgimation, linnen, earthen- wear, sulpher. 

79. Write a word meaning nearly the same as abandon, lessen, 
abhor, reside, curtail, refrain, incidental, escort, greet, account, 
accurate, obtain, industrious, permit, benefit, proceed, profit, 
agree, bargain, salary. 

80. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : He speaks 
English poor. You do not read correct. The public was invited 
to attend. Who asked you and he to come? Let you and I go 
for a walk. He will neither go himself or send anybody. 

81. Analyse the following verse : 

On the grave-posts of our fathers, 
Are no signs, no figures painted ; 
Who are in those graves we know not, 
Only know they are our fathers. 

82. Write sentences containing the following words correctly used : 
Complement, stationary, precede, teem, past, passed, lightening, 
council, coarse, done, between, among, enclosing, respectively, 
respectfully. 

83. Write the possessive form of each of the following nouns : 
Father, cousin, chairs, valley, knife, babies, donkey, ox, churches, 
child, children, brothers, flies, turkeys, walrus, wolf, thief. 

84. Write the possessive and objective forms of the following 
pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, thou, they, we, who. 



10 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

85. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : Him and 
me are good friends. Us boys enjo}^ the holidays. Who did you 
ask for? I have a dog who runs to meet me. Her and her sister 
are here. Mrs. Brown asked him and I to tea. Her mother and 
her went on the train. 

86. Write ttvo other forms of each of the following ivords : Large, 
small, little, skillful, beautiful, good, late, noble, happy, much, 
high, near, early, often, able, strong, witty, prompt, quick, true, 
brave, easy, busy, funny. 

87. Copy the following words, correcting errors in spelling : 
Grammar, mahogeny, talow, petrolium, dimonds, saltpetre, mol- 
lases, porcelain, raisins, tapioca, machinary, Syracuse. 

88. Write a sentence containing fifteen words and requiring 
seven capital letters. 

89. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : He is more 
richer than my father. This is the delightfulest village we have 
visited. I like these kind of apples. He didn't do nothing. I 
returned back here yesterday. They came at the rate of three 
mile an hour. Carrie is the eldest of my two sisters. 

90. Analyse the following stanza : 

He wrapped her warm in his seaman's coat 

Against the stinging blast ; 
He cut a rope from a broken spar, 

And bound her to the mast. 

91. Write a ivord meaning nearly the same as recreation, an- 
nounce, responsible, excuse, obvious, demand, maintain, compan- 
ion, yearly, behavior, generous, occupation, purchase, reckon, 
cautious, cease. 

92. Write sentences containing the following words correctly used : 
Gilt, guilt, hare, haul, heel, hire, hear, here, beach, board, bridal, 
bare, canvass, beet, lightning, mail, meet, pale, pail, pane. 

93. Add to each of these sentences the word to-morrow, and 

write correctly: The cows are on the hillside. My brothers walk 
with a tired step. My sister has a new hat. Charles sees the 
lake. The boy laughs at his mistake. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. H 

94. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : Was you 
at school to-day ? I prevailed with him to come. Will you learu 
me my lessou? Don't your father help you? With which party 
is he connected with? Was there many at the meeting? Your 
not selfish, are you? Will I address your letter for you? From 
what state are you from ? 

95. Substitute a single word for each of the folloiving metaphors : 
Earth's white mantle ; the land of nod ; the vale of tears ; the 
staff of life ; the king of the forest ; the ship of the desert. 

96. Point out the difference in meaning between the sentences in 
each pair: 

The bird flies in the house. 
The bird flies into the house. 

The ball was thrown over the barn. 
The ball was thrown above the barn. 

I have aided you more than he. 
I have aided you more than him. 

r An able and intelligent friend. 
An able and an intelligent friend. 

97. Analyse the following stanza: 

No useless coffin enclosed his breast, 

Nor in sheet nor in shroud we wound him ; 

But he lay like a warrior taking his rest, 
With his martial cloak around him. 

98. Divide into syllables each of the folloiving ivords : Imme- 
diate, grammarian, sheepfold, separation, government, distinctly, 
distinguish, divided, composition, probability, nominative. 

99. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : Neither of 
them have done very well. His mother and him were at the party. 
She will never be no taller. The}' done their work pretty good. 
It is now half passed 4 o'clock. I didn't get scarcely no sleep 
last night. Who was the proposal made to ? I haven't my ticket 
I don't believe. 

100. Write sentences containing the following words correctly 
used: Knew, emerge, cellar, wares, wright, heat, pear, peace, 
piece, fare, fore, charmingly, awful, splendid, whom, dove, 
balance. 



12 . PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 



101. Form four sentences in each of ivIiicJi the word that occurs 
at least twice in different senses. 

102. Change nominative and possessive nouns to the plural 
number, and ivrite these sentences correctly: The child's top spins 
easily. This man's journey is long. The sailor's face was frozen. 
The lady's daughter skates beautifully. My brother's farm was 
sold yesterday. The eagle's wing is long. The butterfly's wings 
are beautiful. 

103. Copy the following words, correcting errors in spelling : 
Liquorice, cinnimon, rubarb, merchandize, vermillion, borax, cali- 
cos, marvellous, seperated, singular, Pitsburg, unforseen, briliant, 
statistical, finansial. 

104. Write a word meaning nearly the same as change, cheat, 
civil, expert, goods, generally, bestow, combine, perpetual, accu- 
rate, deduct, embarrassment, dismiss, uncertain, obligation, in- 
struction, extremity. 

105. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : She is 
always welcomer than her brother. This bed couldn't be comfort- 
abler. He is the amusingest bo}* I ever saw. The room is fifteen 
foot square. We went at the rate of forty mile an hour. The 
younger of the three sisters is the prettier. 

106. How does a preposition differ from a conjunction ? 

107. Distinguish between who and that as relative pronouns* 

108. Analyse the following stanza: 

The clock is on the stroke of six, 

And father's work is done ; 
Sweep up the hearth, and mend the fire, 

And put the kettle on. 
The wild night-wind is blowing cold : 
'Tis dreary crossing o'er the wold. 

109. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors: I do not 
like too much sugar in my tea. No other reason can never be 
given. He isn't improving, I don't think. His mother was ex- 
ceeding kind to me. He is a real good boy. She was the young- 
est o f two sisters. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 13 

110. Write the proper adjectives which correspond to the follow- 
ing proper nouns: Norway, England, Ireland, Scotland, Sweden, 
Russia, Mexico, Spain, Portugal, Japan, China, Persia, Turkey, 
Italy, France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Canada, Malta. 

111. Antonyms are ivords of opposite meaning. Write anto- 
nyms corresponding to begin, later, this, earlier, accomplish, achieve, 
remain, heavy, cold, old, beautiful, timid, cowardly, rough, refuse, 
yes, gain, enlarge, true, white. 

112. Write a description of any game played at your school. 

113. Write sentences containing the following words, first as 
nouns, and second as verbs: pine, rue, crew, mean, fare, row, 
rail, hail, ward, blow, mow, peer. 

114. Copy from your reader twenty plural nouns. 

115. Write ten sentences each containing an adjective, a pro- 
noun, and an adverb. 

116. Which of the bracketed words is preferable? It tastes quite 
(strong, strongly) of cloves. He told them to sit (quiet, quietly) 
in their seats. They live just as (happy, happily) as before. 
This carriage rides (easy, easily). Doesn't that field of wheat 
look (beautifully, beautiful). Your piano sounds (different, dif- 
ferently) from ours. 

117. Point out the difference in meaning: The tailor and 
clothier. — The tailor and the clothier. Half a dollar. — A half- 
dollar. I found the way easy. — I found the way easily. She 
has done her work. — She has her work done. Will you call at 
the office ? — Shall you call at the office ? 

118. I/I/rite a letter, of not more than twelve lines, refusing, as 
politely as you can, an application of an acquaintance for a loan of 
fifty dollars. 

119. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors: Which 
of these two books is the best? Your boys do not play fair. 
Charles soon became exceeding popular. He felt awkwardly in 
the presence of ladies. I paid a frightful price for it. He had 
not hardly a minute to spare. 



14 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

120. Change the phrases to adverbs : Handle the parcel with 
care. The soldiers fought with courage. We were strolling 
towards home. He is to be treated with kindness. She was 
dressed in fashion. 

121. Analyse the following stanza: 

Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife, 
Their sober wishes never learned to stray ; 

Along the cool, sequestered vale of life, 
They kept the noiseless tenor of their way. 

122. Write sentences containing the following words correctly 
used: Plane, plain, principle, principal, peace, piece, pare, pear, 
pair, rain, rein, reign, road, rode, rowed, stair, sale, steak, steel, 
steal, seem, stationary. 

123. Construct sentences shoiving how but and as are sometimes 
used like relative pronouns. 

124. Make each of the following words end in ing : Pile, stun, 
refer, hurry, loan, applaud, offer, employ, mix, hate, fit, array, 
omit, ply, peer, shoe, hoe, split, weave, shun. 

125. Write a sentence containing the words teach and learn 

^correctly used. 

126. Write the three principal parts of these verbs: Underbuy, 
overcome, inlay, foresee, understand, forgive, mistake, overthrow, 
attack. 

127. Form as many words as possible from each of the follow- 
ing: Define, compose, form, value, change, acquit, critic, mer- 
chant, tyrant, fancy, dry, omit, whole, compel, tall, debt, write, 
rob. 

128. Change the voice of the verbs in these sentences: The chair 
was removed by a servant. The story amused me very much. 
Every one praised William's conduct. John is not able to tell 
what he knows. The boy struck his brother Henry. 

129. Form ten compound words by pairing the following words: 
Water, house, light, rose, wood, boat, bird, night, dog. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 15 

130. Separate each of the 'following words into syllables : 
Dromedary, Africa, sunset, lunatic, cranberry, watermelon, in- 
comprehensible, denominator, proposition, satisfaction, America. 

131. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : Will I 
put more wood in the stove? This is a beautiful summers morn- 
ing. Let every boy answer for themselves. They seemed to be 
nearly dressed alike. Them oranges are very cheap. This coat 
is old and looks badly. Don't say nothing about it, please. 

132. Analyse the following stanza: 

O many a shaft at random sent 

Finds mark the archer little meant, 

And many a word at random spoken 

May soothe or wound a heart that's broken. 

133. Write sentences containing the ivord round used as a noun, 
an adjective, an adverb, a verb, and a preposition respectively. 

134. Copy the following words, correcting errors in spelling : 
Sacremento, kernal, cymbol, manouver, bacheler, asylum, gipsy, 
parsly, pulleys, Marge ret, counterfet, forfeit, seperate, associate, 
exagerate, advertize, insolvency. 

135. Write a short description of an accident which you saiv or 
heard of 

136. Change adverbial phrases to adverbs: The men fought 
with courage. The boys acted in a noble manner. In a short 
time the moon will rise. At this place my father is buried. 
Steamboats were unknown a* that time. 

137. Write the proper nouns from which these proper adjectives 
come: English, Jewish, Portuguese, Welsh, Hungarian, Norwe- 
gian, Egyptian, Peruvian, Danish, Venetian. 

138. Analyse the following stanza : 

When reposing that night on my pallet of straw, 
By the wolf-searing fagot that guarded the slain, 

At the dead of the night a sweet vision I saw, 
And thrice ere the morning I dreamt it again. 

139. Change these sentences to express present time : We lay 
on the roof. The hen laid five eggs. My father laid the tile. 
They laid their guns on the table. The horses lay down to rest. 



16 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

140. Write a sentence containing one pronoun in the nominative 
form, one in the objective form, and one in the possessive form. 

141. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : I laid 
there an hoar. I was forced to lay down. They were laying on 
the grass. The baker rose the price of bread to-day. There were 
a large crowd present. This is a remarkable cold day. I remem- 
ber when the corner stone was lain. At what wharf does the boat 
stop at? 

142. Write sentences containing the following words correctly 
used: Stationery, teem, team, their, there, two, too, vain, vein, 
weak, waste, wait, wares, wring, right, whole, seller, cellar, scent, 
proceed, precede. 

143. Point out the difference in meaning between the sentences 
in each pair : 

He had a taste of tobacco. 
He had a taste for tobacco. 

Few men have been more unhappy. 
A few men have been more unhappy. 

He was happier than any poet. 

He was happier than any other poet. 

I will go home. 
I shall go home. 

144. Describe the room and building in which you are sitting. 

145. Change these sentences to express pasf time : The men rise 
eariv. The girl raises her hand. I rise before five o'clock. The 
farmers raise wheat and oats. The bread rises before it is baked. 

146. Combine these eight sentences into one sentence: An owl 
lived in a tree. He was a white owl. He was large. He lived 
in the hollow of the tree. The tree was old and rotten. It was 
an oak-tree. It stood on the top of the hill. The hill was back 
of our house. 

147. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : They 
hold an annual anniversary every year. The ends of each stick 
was pointed. A farmer's life is the most happiest. What did 
3^ou say was the capital of France? When will we see you again? 
Call this afternoon at 3 p. m. I hardly know who to make my 
complaint to. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 17 

148. Analyse the following verses: 

I behold them for the first, 
And my heart swells while the dilated sight 
Takes in the encircling vastness. 

149. WJiich of the following words are singular and which 
plural? Julia's, dromedary's, dromedaries, dromedaries', servants', 
mice's, mouse's, nephews', nephews, goose's, sister-in-law's, sisters- 
in-law's. 

150. Copy the following ivords, correcting errors in spelling: 

Arther, eatible, audable, blamible, parcel, sereal, commercial, 
pinacle, vehicle, lunacy, dispepsia, raiment, receive, buisness, 
typhoid, yoeman, woolen, imminent, bannana, harras, catarrh. 

151. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors: Sleeping- 
car births for sale at this office. He ought to have went earlier. 
They ran the cart again the building. There was little rain but 
much lightening. "Where is the shoe blackening? There was a 
brakesman killed to-day. 

152. Form new words by adding another ivord to each of the 
following : After, forth, off, out, over, with. 

153. Name three words which end with the suffix hood. 

154. Name two ivords ending toith the Latin suffix mony. 

155. Analyse the following stanza : 

A mariner whom fate compelled 

To make his home ashore, 
Lived in yon cottage on the mount, 

With ivy mantled o'er. 

156. Change these adjectives to nouns by adding another sylla- 
ble to each: Bold, good, kind, free, wise, hard. 

157. Name ten icords ending with the suffix ty. 

158. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : It is no 

use to me. Where did you get this at? I will return at about 
noon. On what train did you come in on? To what school do 
you go to? By what States is Kentucky bounded by? If that 
had of come at noon, I could have gone. 



18 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

159. Name Jive words which are used both as adjectives and 

nouns without any change of form. 

160. Write sentences containing the following words correctly 
used: Vale, blue, blew, beech, beat, bored, bride, berth, bare, 
canvas, course, creek, compliment, dear, deer, fair, fare, fined, 
flour, gate, grate, great. 

161. Write sentences, making use of the following phrases : Of 
the sun — in the park — above the house — against the wall — 
among his friends — through the dense forest — upon the table 
— into the well — with his arm — after you and me — between 
these boys. 

162. Point out the object of each preposition : That bird I 
could not get a shot at. He waited for you and me. Your face I 
shall never look at again. The teacher took the ball from him. 
I built my boat with an axe and a hammer. 

163. Change the following verbs to nouns: Believe, strike, dig, 
speak, choose, live, breathe, lose, shove, spin, bake, build, beg, 
roll, give, divide, know. 

164. Name ten words ending with the suffix ment. 

165. Name Jive words which are used both as verbs and nouns 

without any change of form. 

166. Analyse the following stanza: 

On a rock, whose haughty brow 

Frowns o'er old Conway's foaming flood, 

Robed in a sable garb of woe, 

With haggard eyes, the poet stood. 

167. By the addition of a syllable change the following nouns to 
adjectives : Gold, gift, wax, wood, flax, fool, fear, sense, adven- 
ture, cloud, grass, silver. 

168. Give a list often peculiar number forms. 

169. There is only one word which forms its plural by adding 
en : name it. 

170. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors: He is 
neither wise or brave. It is as good or better than mine. He 
was both a prudent and industrious man. A verb must be of the 
same person that the subject is. There is no one so wise but he 
can learn something more. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 19 

171. Write a list of twenty compound words, ten requiring a 
hyphen, and ten not requiring a hyphen. 

172. Write sentences containing the word about used as (1) a 
preposition, (2) an adverb, (3) an adjective. 

173. Write a sentence containing a prepositional phrase modi- 
fying (1) a noun; (2) a pronoun; (3) an adjective; (4) a verb; 

(5) an adverb; (6) a participle. 

174. Write a sentence containing all the parts of speech cor- 
rectly used. 

175. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors: Leave a 
wide space between each line. Divide this between the three 
girls. I have found a friend to whom I can confide. He lives at 
Boston. We shall have a holiday upon Monday. 

176. Analyse this sentence : 

Let the mighty mounds 
That overlook the rivers, or that rise 
In the dim forest, crowded with old oaks, 

Answer. 

177. Change the following verbs to adjectives: Pay, forget, 
exhaust, command, horrify, compose. 

178. Form ten compound words out of the following simple 
words: Birth, bud, moon, church, day, house, field, light, rose, 
coffee, yard, cover, breast, high, red, way, turn, spend, coat, 
thrift. 

179. The plurals of some nomis differ in meaning from the sin- 
gulars; as, scdt, salts. Give other illustrations. 

180. Name four ivords which are either nouns or verbs accord- 
ing to the place of the accent. 

181. Write sentences containing the word after used as (1) an 
adjective, (2) a preposition, (3) an adverb. 

182. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : Of these 
three kings the latter was the wisest. The best of the two is to 
be selected. Grant was the most distinguished of all other great 
generals. Which was the greatest man, Washington or Webster? 
That boy is the brightest of all his classmates. 



20 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

183. Write a sentence containing a phrase used as (1) a subject, 
(2) an object, (3) an object of a preposition, (4) an adjective, (5) 
an adverb. 

184. Illustrate the meanings of the following tvords by incorpo- 
rating each in a sentence : Skiver, shudder, stagger, totter ; pro- 
ceed, recede, precede, exceed, intercede, secede ; invade, pervade, 
evade ; emigrate, immigrate ; ramble, roam, rove ; invert, convert, 
divert, pervert ; protract, retract ; distract, detract ; attract ; ex- 



185. Name ten ivords which have been added to our vocabulary 

during the present century. 

186. Analyse the following sentence : 

On Him baptized 
Heaven opened, and in likeness of a dove 
The spirit descended, while the Father's voice 
From heaven pronounced Him His beloved Son. 

187. Supply words of which the following are meanings : A per- 
son skilled in healing diseases — one who is an eloquent speaker — ■ 
a writer of books — one who studies about plants — one who 
studies about the stars — a cultivator of flowers — one who draws 
plans for buildings — a man who makes barrels — a man who 
measures land — a man who sets printers' type. 

188. Write words which in meaning are the opposites of: Artifi- 
cial, clumsy, difficult, wholesome, delicate, industrious, obedient, 
pious, success, foreign, stationary, illegal, seldom, ancient, civil- 
ized, necessary, elevating, orthodox. 

189. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : Will I 
close the door? If we do wrong, we will be punished. Do you 
think I will be in time ? I suppose that you shall be here to-mor- 
row. If you should lend me the money, I would be obliged. 
Could you come and visit us next month ? 

190. Write ten sentences, using infinitives or infinitive phrases 
as object complements or as modifiers. 

191. Give examples of simple, complex, and compound sentences. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 21 

192. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : There 
was a private table set on deck for the party which was now being 
decorated with flowers. I do not think he will come. Mr. Carlyle 
has taught us that silence is golden in thirty volumes. The pris- 
oner was sorry he ran away, five minutes after he escaped. 

193. Analyse the following stanza: 

Few and short were the prayers we said, 
And we spoke not a word of sorrow ; 

But we steadfastly gazed on the face of the dead, 
As we bitterly thought of the morrow. 

194. Write sentences showing the different uses of the following 
words, each of which has more than one meaning: Fall, palm, lap, 
frog, peck, peer, lean, perch, light, wilt, pile, lick, down, prune, 
mean. tail, fair, season, pound. 

195. Write sentences containing the icord above used as (1) an 

adjective. (2) a jjrejiosition, (3) an adverb, (4) a noun. 

196. A conjunction may join (1) two sentences ; (2) two nouns; 
(3) two pronouns; (4) two verbs; (5) two adjectives; (6) two ad- 
verbs; (7) two phrases. Give an illusti ition of each. 

197. Write sentences making use of the following thirteen cor- 
relatives : Both-and ; either-or ; neither-nor; whether-or ; if- 
then ; though-yet ; so-that ; as-as ; as-so ; so-as ; such-as ; such- 
that ; not only-but also. 

198. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : Both the 
boy and girl came to visit us. Neither the man nor woman was 
injured. He expected some sort of reward. Less men than 
women were there. This is the coldest day I ever saw before. 
Texas is larger than any state in the Union. 

199. Distinguish between the following synonyms, and incorpo- 
rate each in a sentence: Bank, shore; acid, sour; divine, sacred; 
abandon, desert : ability, capacity ; applause, commendation ; an- 
cestors, forefathers ; tall, high ; large, great ; many, much. 

200. Write single words for each of the following groups : Wheat, 
oats, barley, — potatoes, onions, celery, — mustard, pepper, ginger, 

— pens, paper, pencils. — iron, lead, tin, — tweed, flannel, print, 

— camel, ox. goat. — oil, wood, coal, — powder, shot, cartridges, 

— tables, chairs, stoves. 



22 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

201. Write sentences showing the different uses of the following 
words, each of which has more than one meaning : Patient, last, 
rider, band, pen, mine, fare, line, well, kind, ground, watch, yard, 
post, cot, ounce, toll, sole, dog, line, cord, corn, page, pine, hide, 
pike, arms, ball, brake, pupil, tick, range, mail, letter, race, 
swallow. 

202. Analyse the folloiving : 

Perhaps in this neglected spot is laid 

Some heart once pregnant with celestial fire, 

Hands that the rod of empire might have swayed 
Or waked to ecstasy the living lyre. 

203. An incomplete intransitive verb may be completed by an at- 
tribute, which may be an adjective, a noun, a pronoun, a participle, 
an infinitive, a prepositional phrase or a clause. Give an illustra- 
tion of each. 

204. Write sentences containing the ivord since used as (1) an 
adverb, (2) a preposition, (3) a conjunction. 

205. Write a word meaning nearly the same as parcel ; clerk ; 
sovereign ; portion ; delight ; tempest ; item ; telegram ; record ; 
fashion ; shore ; custom ; terror ; anxiet} r ; mistake ; pupil ; an- 
swer ; fatigue ; enemies ; chair ; centre ; robber ; crowd ; sled. 

206. Distinguish betiveen the following synonyms and incorporate 
each in a sentence : Excel, exceed ; learn, teach ; apprehend, com- 
prehend ; relations, relatives ; live, dwell ; instruction, education ; 
right, privilege ; knowledge, wisdom ; old, ancient ; safe, secure ; 
raise, rise ; peaceful, peaceable ; stay, remain ; duty, obligation. 

207. Copy the folloiving sentences, correcting errors : He saw 
the man whom they thought was murdered. I do not know who I 
gave the letter to. Tell me who you are looking for. For who 
is this intended? Whoever the court favors is safe. 

208. Recast the following sentences, expressing the same thought in 
as many ways as possible : London is the largest city in the world. 
Siberia occupies the entire northern part of Asia. Boston, Chicago, 
and Quebec have been visited by great fires. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 23 

209. Analyse the following sentences : God created all men equal. 
They elected Brown president. They named the child John. 
This trouble has made me sad. They appointed my brother teller. 
I call that good. We have elected him mayor. 

210. Write sentences containing an infinitive used as (1) the 
subject of a verb, (2) the object of a verb, (3) a noun in apposition, 
(4) the object of a preposition, (5) an adjective, (6) an adverb. 

211. You are secretary of the Young People's Association of 
your town : Write a newspaper local calling the members together 
for a specicd meeting. 

212. Change these adjectives to adverbs, and use each in a sen- 
tence: Thoughtful, handsome, eloquent, careless, diligent, curious, 
quick, bright, narrow, noble. 

213. Explain why shall and will are used correctly in the follow- 
ing sentences: I will go in spite of opposition. He will come of 
his own accord. I shall leave before summer. Shall I help you 
to tea? You shall be rewarded for your trouble. James will suc- 
ceed in business. He will do as you say. 

214. Name five words that have no plural, five that have no 
singular, and Jive that have the same form in both numbers. 

215. Write the corresponding feminine form: Duke, lad, mar- 
quis, master, beau, Charles, czar, Francis, George, Henry, hero, 
Joseph, Paul, sultan, testator, bachelor, earl, hart, lord, nephew. 

216. Compose sentences in which there shall be two examples 
of nouns and two of pronouns used in each of the three persons. 

217. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors: I have no 
doubt of the author being clever. No oue ever heard of that man 
running for office. Smith being a politician prevented his election. 
I do not doubt him being sincere. Harry being behind time caused 
the accident. 

218. Change the voice of the verbs in the following sentences: 
This artful fellow has imposed upon us all. The teacher did not 
even touch upon this question. All his friends laughed at him. 
They must allow us the right to vote. He was offered a pension 
by the government. 



24 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

219. Analyse the following stanza: 

Old Time, in whose bank we deposit our notes, 
Is a miser who always wants guineas for groats ; 
He keeps all his customers still in arrears, 
By lending them minutes and charging them years. 

220. Justify the use of the singular verb in the following sen- 
tences : 

Two hundred dollars was not sufficient. 

Early to bed, and early to rise, 

Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. 

For a laggard in love, and a dastard in war, 
Was to wed the fair Ellen of young Lochinvar. 

221. Explain what is meant by regular, irregular, auxiliary, 
redundant, and defective verbs. 

222. Give all the participles of the verbs choose, break, drive, 
read, lift. 

223. Make these sentences clear by using simpler words : A de- 
vastating conflagration raged. The inmates proceeded to the 
sanctuary. I have partaken of my morning repast. He took the 
initiative in inaugurating the ceremony. He departed this life. 

224. Write two formal notes — one inviting a friend to a social 
party, and the other declining the invitation. 

225. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors: I have 
done that correct, I am sure. This is written very good. You 
felt badly when you ought to have felt gladly. John acted nobler 
than his brother. It was much easier done than we expected. 

226. Write sentences showing that the grammatical subject may 
be modified by an adjective, a possessive noun, a noun in apposi- 
tion, a pronoun in the possessive case, a participle, a phrase, or a 
clause. 

227. What three parts of speech may connect clauses f 

228. Write sentences containing the word while used as (1) a 
verb, (2) a noun, (3) an adverb. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 25 



229. Illustrate the meanings of the following words by incorpo- 
rating each in a sentence: Flicker, twinkle, sparkle, glimmer, 
glitter ; splendid, splendor ; twilight, dawn ; transparent, opake ; 
obscure, sombre ; tepid, fervid, sultry ; parch, scald, melt, thaw. 

230. Show how an independent clause may be changed to an 
equivalent dependent clause and then to an equivalent phrase. 

231. State whether the italicised words in the following sentences 
are adjectives or adverbs, and why : I arrived late. Are you well 
to-day? You do not act well. Do not speak so loud. Study 
more and play less. You are all wrong. Have you traveled 
much ? 

232. Analyse the following stanza: 

In yon straight bridge a thousand 

May well be stopped by .three ; 
Now who will stand on either hand, 

And keep the bridge with me ? 

233. Distinguish between analysis and synthesis. 

234. What adjective is formed from the noun " monarchy"? 

235. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors: I ex- 
pected to have seen him. She is older than me by ten years. I 
have no doubt but he will be here to-morrow. Everybody has a 
right to look after their own interests. The contribution ma}? 
be in prose or verse. 

236. Improve the following sentences by omitting all unneces- 
sary words : Several of the spectators who were present ran for- 
ward to lift him. They will soon have an entire monopoly of the 
whole trade. It has been our uniform and invariable practice to 
do so. In addition to these there must be added the f olio win o- 
names. 

237. Illustrate the meanings of the following words by incorpo- 
rating each in a sentence : Conscience, consciousness ; contempti- 
ble, contemptuous ; construe, construct ; ceremonious, ceremonial ; 
deadly, deathly ; healthful, healthy ; luxuriant, luxurious ; negli- 
gence, neglect ; predict, predicate ; confess, admit. 



26 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

238. Illustrate and explain fully the distinction between direct 
and indirect quotations. 

239. Show by an example that an adverb may be expanded into 
an equivalent phrase or clause. 

240. Distinguish between the following synonyms and incorpo- 
rate each in a sentence : Convince, persuade ; human, humane ; tem- 
perance, abstinence ; quickly, speedily ; custom, habit ; calamity, 
misfortune ; surprised, astonished ; tolerate, permit. 

241. Analyse the following sentences: 

How much a dunce that has been sent to roam 
Excels a dunce that has been kept at home ! 

An idler is a watch that wants both hands ; 
As useless if it goes as if it stands. 

242. Explain the derivation of the following words: Telegraph, 
telephone, phonograph, phonography, stenograph, autophone, 
telescope, autograph. 

243. Justify the use of the subjunctive in the following sentences : 
I will see that he obey the order. See that no one pass here. 
Had I known this, I would have told you. I wish that father were 
here. If I were rich, I would give to the poor. 

244. Give instances of the use of proper nouns as common 
nouns. 

245. Write sentences containing the word but used as (1) a con- 
junction, (2) a preposition, (§) an adverb, (4) an adjective. 

246. Copy the folloiving sentences, correcting errors : The 
pupils were told not to talk. What kind of an apple is it? That 
opinion is too universal to be easily corrected. Great numbers 
were killed on either side. Both of the boys, or one of them at 
least, were present. He need not proceed in such haste. 

247. The grammatical subject of a sentence may be a noun, a 
pronoun, an infinitive, a participle, a phrase, or a clause. Give an 
illustration of each. 

248. Write sentences showing that the grammatical predicate 
may be modified by an adverb, an infinitive, a phrase, or a clause. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 27 

249. Arrange the parts of speech under the following heads : 
1. Names of persons or things. 2. Names of attribute qualities. 
3. Words that describe relations between one notion and another 
or one assertion and another. 4. Words that express an emotion 
rather than a thought. 

250. Distinguish between sentence, phrase, and clause, 

251. Name the prepositions required after the following ivords : 
Accord, accuse, differ, adapted, arrive, consist, disagree, glad, 
dependent, attend. 

252. Explain and illustrate ichat is meant by idioms. 

253. Give two icords now used in English from each of the fol- 
lowing sources: Latin, Greek, Arabic, Chinese, American-Indian. 

254. Analyse the following selection: 

There is a tide in the affairs of men, 

Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune : 

Omitted, all the voyage of their life 

Is bound in shallows and in miseries ; 

Aud we must take the current when it serves, 

Or lose our ventures. 

255. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : I cannot 
hardly understand you. He does not come to see us scarcely ever. 
Questions are easier asked than answered. He speaks just like 
his brother does. He can't hardly reach it, I don't believe. 

256. Name six verbs that are used both as transitive and intran- 
sitive. 

257. How are infinitives in ing distinguished from participles f 

258. Justify the use of shall and will in the following sentences : 
Will you have some tea ? Shall I help you ? If you will, you may. 
Shall he accompany you? Will he accompany you? Will you 
call for me? Will you speak to him, or shall I? 

259. Name the phrases, tell whether they are adverbial or ad- 
jective, and name the wora that each limits: How clear to my 
heart are the scenes nry childhood ! Hail to the chief who in tri- 
umph advances. The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea. We 
saw the general seated on his horse. She studies with diligence. 



28 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

260. Improve the following sentences by changing the posit/on 

of certain words : The boy has a new pair of boots. Yours is a 
larger plot of ground than John's. He knew not what to most 
admire. I only ate one apple. Mother said that you and I must 
stay at home. 

261. Write sentences containing the ivord fast used as (1) a 
noun, (2) an adjective, (3) a verb, (4) an adverb. 

262. Illustrate the meanings of the following words by incorpo- 
rating each in a sentence : persist, insist ; incline, decline, recline ; 
herd, flock, drove, swarm ; calculate, compute, reckon ; compose, 
suppose, depose, dispose, expose, impose, repose ; epoch, era, 
date. 

263. Write five sentences in which co-ordinate conjunctions 
connect phrases. 

264. What forms have we in English verbs that express distinc- 
tion of number. 

265. Analyse the folloiuing stanza : 

Here rests his head upon the lap of Earth, 
A youth to Fortune and to Fame unknown ; 

Fair Science frowned not on his humble birth, 
And Melancholy marked him for her own. 

266. In the following sentences distinguish the difference in mean- 
ing : He was unable to construe (construct) a sentence. That is 
a very ingenious (ingenuous) explanation. He purposed (pro- 
posed) uniting the two classes. He suggested a practical (practi- 
cable) method. He made three successful (successive) attempts. 
You referred (alluded) to it in your sermon. One is very likely 
(liable) to be deceived. 

267. Criticise the following with regard to propriety : I reckon 
the distance must be about four miles. The book is free of 
faults. How long a time has transpired since the close of the 
war? I confess that I think the statement improbable. I expect 
you found your trip to the seaside very pleasant. 

268. Illustrate the meanings of the folloiuing words by incorpo- 
rating each in a sentence: Invoke, revoke, provoke ; exclaim, pro- 
claim, reclaim ; infirmity, debility ; elude, evade ; resemblance, 
semblance ; perform, achieve ; palace, mansion, cottage, hut, 
shantv. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 29 

269. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : He talks 
like you do. She wore a peculiar kind of cloak. The fish breathes 
with other organs besides lungs. The question was difficult to ex- 
actly understand. It isn't but a short distance. 

270. Give two rules for the use of each of the following : the 
comma ; the semicolon ; the colon ; the hyphen. 

271. Give a classification of conjunctions. 

272. Quote rules for the right use of the subjunctive mood. 

273. Criticise the folloiving with regard to propriety : Strive to 
be reconciled with your position in life. Be careful with your 
books. There were six of us beside those who were absent. It 
is not certain who discovered the telephone. They bestow their 
favors to whomsoever they please. Settle for your ticket before 
the boat starts. 

274. In the folloiving sentences ivhich of the bracketed words is 
preferable, and why? Extreme use of wine is a bad (habit, custom) . 
As soon as you have eaten (enough, sufficient), we (will, shall) 
leave. I am sure that I (apprehend, comprehend) your meaning. 
The (whole, entire) house is occupied. We (begged, asked) our 
friends to help us, but none came to our (relief, aid). 

275. Analyse the folloiving stanza : 

Beside yon straggling fence that skirts the way 
With blossomed furze unprofitably gay, 
There, in his noisy mansion, skilled to rule, 
The village master taught his little school ; 
A man severe he was, and stern to view ; 
I knew him well, and every truant knew. 

276. Xame abstract nouns of the same derivation as brief, true, 
common, needy, poor. 

277. Improve the folloiving sentences: Several young men came 
in who nearly looked alike. I only drank one cup of tea. You 
seem clearly to understand the question. I never probably shall 
meet you again. His sharpness of intellect was only equalled by 
his agreeableness of manner. The young man is considered gen- 
erally incompetent. 



30 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

278. Distinguish between : May I go — Can I go ; Shall I go — 
Will I go ; Were I to go — Was I to go ; Would I have gone — 
Should I have gone. 

279. Write Jive rules governing the use of shall and will. 

280. Illustrate by examples the difference between simple, com- 
pound, and complex sentences. 

281. Cop>y the following sentences, correcting errors : The 
right and left lung were diseased. There are some men which are 
alwa}*s young. The eye and ear have different offices. This is 
the same man who called yesterda}^. At what depot did you get 
off at? 

282. Explain ivhat is meant by defective verbs. Give a list of 
them and show how they may be used. 

283. What is meant by the antecedent of a relative pronoun? 

284. Illustrate the meanings of the following words by incorpo- 
rating each in a sentence: Creak, crack, snap, explode; mute, 
dumb ; cohere, adhere ; brittle, elastic ; precise, concise ; con- 
strain, restrain; implicit, explicit; depress, oppress, compress; 
compensate, recompense. 

285. Change the adjectives in the following sentences into equiv- 
alent phrases and clauses: An honest man is the noblest work of 
God. A very lofty building overlooks the city. A manly boy 
will never commit a mean act. William is a truthful man. All 
persons admire generous actions. 

286. Analyse the following stanza : 

Full well they laughed with counterfeited glee 
At all his jokes, for many a joke had he ; 
Full well the busy whisper, circling round, 
Conveyed the dismal tidings when he frowned. 

'287. Give illustrations of direct and indirect objects. 

'288. Which of the bracketed verb forms in the following sen- 
tences do you prefer, and why? It is I that (is, am) to blame. 
Three times two (is, are) six. Two and two (makes, make) four. 
Ph in such words (has, have) the sound of /. About forty feet 
of the bridge (was, were) swept away. Enough labor and money 
(has, have) been spent on it already. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 31 

289. Write sentences containing the word like used as (1) an 
adjective, (2) a noun, (3) a verb, (4) an adverb. 

290. Copy the following sentences, omitting superfluous words : I 
do not wish for any at all. Don't do it any more again. Where 
have you been to? They both met in the street. He continued 
to read on. Give me a yard off of this piece of calico. He stepped 
on to a chair. We saw no one at all. They returned back again to 
the same place. Iron sinks down in water. We were compelled 
to return back. The balloon rose up very rapidly. Give me 
another one. She is a poor widow woman. In what drawer are 
your gloves ? From what did you take this from ? They had not 
hardly a minute to spare. 

291. When do adjectives need to be separated by commas ? 

292. Improve the folloiving sentences : He lost above a thousand 
dollars. I don't know whether he is there or no. Come with me 
for the balance of the evening. I am bound to have it. He 
allows that he has the finest house in the county. We calculate 
to get off to-day. I am mad at you for doing so. The box is not 
overly large. She performs on the piano very well. At what 
hotel are you stopping ? What ever possessed you to do that ? 

293. Illustrate the meanings of the following words by incor- 
porating each in a sentence: Propel, repel, expel, dispel, compel; 
remit, admit, submit, commit, permit, omit ; contagious, epidemic, 
chronic ; betroth, affianced ; decree, edict, proclamation. 

294. Analyse the following stanza : 

Stronger by weakness, wiser men become 
As they draw near to their eternal home ; 
Leaving the old, both worlds at once they view, 
That stand upon the threshold of the new. 

295. Express the following sentences in simpler and more nat- 
ural language : The services of the nearest physician were called, 
into requisition. His immortal spirit had quitted its earthly habi- 
tation. The conflagration attracted an immense concourse of spec- 
tators. The unprecedented inclemency of the weather necessitated 
its postponement. 

296. Write sentences containing the word near used as {I) an 
adjective, (2) an adverb, (3) a preposition. 



32 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

297. Reconstruct the folloiving sentences so as to express the 
meaning clearly : The hawk caught the pigeon while it was flying. 
Here and there we could see men driving cows on horseback. The 
transition is made with ease from script to printed forms. We 
stopped the coach for a few minutes to see some men digging gold 
from Kansas. One should not marry a person in high life that 
has no money. They were friends of my brother who came to 
visit us. 

298. Write sentences illustrating the correct use of the follow- 
ing : Angry at, with; compare to, with; consist of, in; die of, 
b} T ; differ from, with ; divide between, among ; disappointed of, 
in ; familiar to, with ; live in, at ; overcome by, with ; reconcile 
to, with ; taste of, for. 

299. Illustrate the meanings of the following words by incor- 
porating each in a sentence: Character, reputation; perception, 
imagination ; delusion, illusion ; persuade, dissuade ; inconven- 
ience, incommode; disturb, molest, annoy; tease, torment; de- 
clare, assert, protest ; describe, ascribe, prescribe. 

300. Give illustrations of subjective complements. 

301. When, and under what circumstances, did the principal 
foreign elements which enter into the composition of the English 
language, take their places in it f 

302. Show what purpose each of the parts of speech serves in 
the expression of thought. 

303. Explain how a proper name may become plural and re- 
main proper. Form sentences to show that " Roman " may be both 
a proper and a common noun. 

304. Analyse the following stanza : 

Our hearts are watches, and every beat 
Is a tick that registers Time's retreat ; 
In the Father's mansion, with marvels rife, 
Is the key that has wound them up for life. 

305. Show the unsuitability of the term common gender some 
times applied to names that are applicable to both sexes, as, for in- 
stance, cousin, child, parent. 






PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 33 

306. Change the following compounds into equivalent phrases: 
Moonlight, bull-baiting, carving-knife, freeman, scarecrow, gar- 
den-fruit, hotel waiters, graveyard. 

307. From the following nouns form other nouns by adding a 
word or syllable: Cab, sight, name, head, law, current, priest, 
child, hate, bishop, fellow, execution, hill, squire. 

308. Pluralize, ivhen possible, the following nouns: Bamboo, 
erubryo, bureau, money, soliloquy, Salmagundi, Pythagoras, cu- 
pola, anathema, apostrophe, Hercules, Carolina, Alleghany, Venus, 
Miss Bell, Lady Rossmore, president-elect, ex-mayor, belief, calif, 
half-penny, dormouse, German, pianoforte, queen-consort, habeas 
corpus, coffee, council, jury, saliva, dogma, decorum, equilibrium, 
laudanum, datum, asparagus, cactus, calculus, bill-of-fare, chorus, 
ignoramus, metropolis, chrysalis, epidermis, hexagon, yes, Charles, 
Peter the Hermit. 

309. What circumstances most commonly lead to the introduction 
of new words into a language f Instance words so imported into 
English. 

310. Copy the folloiving sentences, correcting errors : His story 
does seem rather incredulous. I have been creditably informed 
that such is the case. It would be impossible to predicate the 
result of such a contest. He found them in want of the common- 
est necessities of life. All his efforts to secure an equitable dis- 
tribution of heat failed. Be careful not to confuse these two 
words. 

311. To ivhat language and for what classes of words is English 
most indebted f 

312. Enumerate, with examples, the parts of speech that are 
entirely or mostly of purely English origin. 

313. Reconstruct the following sentences so as to express the 
meaning clearly : They told their friends that they were very com- 
fortable. The boy told his companion that he thought he had 
come too early. The clerk said to the merchant that whatever he 
did he did well. The policeman caught the thief and handcuffed 
him in his own room. Their rebuke had a good effect. A man 
bought a horse and carriage. 



34 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 



314. Form nouns from the following adjectives: Bold, free, 
false, hard, foreign, young, dear. 

315. Give definitions of the following terms as applied to nouns : 
Abstract, Collective, Diminutive, Derivative, Singular, Nomina- 
tive. 

316. Correct the wrong forms of words used in the following 
sentences: It is said to be a sure preventative of ague. His re- 
marks were quite irrevelant. He regarded it as a very under- 
banded proceeding. A cursorary glance might not reveal the 
fact. He was looked upon as a progedy of learning. Hand me 
that box of blackening like lightening. 

317. Write a sentence which shall contain all the parts of speech, 
employing only ivords of purely English origin. 

318. By what tests would you distinguish between an adjective, 
and a noun used as an adjective; also betiveen a noun, and an ad- 
jective used as a noun ? 

319. Change adjectives to nouns a.nd nouns to adjectives : Sweet, 
humble, snow, brass, brother, wise, sense, brad, fool, wood, pure, 
perfect. 

320. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : They are 
among our most valuable contributors. He stands high in the 
list of fictitious writers. The bodies were so disfigured as to 
render their identity difficult. I hope you may succeed in con- 
victing him of his error. It was proposed to erect a statute in his 
honor. He was allowed to pursue his ordinary avocation in peace. 

321. Analyse the following stanza : 

Upon the white sea-sand there sat a pilgrim band, 
Telling the losses that their lives had known ; 

While evening waned away from breezy cliff and bay, 
And the strong tides went out with weaiy moan. 

322. Give examples of words that have come into English from 
India, America, aiid Australia, respectively. 

323. Explain the following word forms: To-morrow, o'clock, 
John-son, O'Brien, asleep, twain. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 35 

324. Account for our present method of representing number and 
case in nouns. 

325. SJtow where harmony is violated in the following, and recast 
the sentences so as to make them harmonious : It was as fine a view- 
as was ever viewed by man. We turned to the left and left the 
hall. You have dealt with the case entirely too arbitrarily. This 
is the most beautiful scene that we have ever seen. She is a genu- 
ine heroine. Our shanty stands by a beautiful, placid brook. 

326. Define the following terms as applied to verbs : Mood, 
Voice, Tense, Conjugation. 

327. .Form nouns from the folloiving verbs : Speak, choose, 
hold, come, sent, lock, build, rhyme, meet, know, break, pass, 
ally, commit. 

328. Explain, under general heads, the peculiarities of conjuga- 
tion of be, go, ought, must. 

329. Explain the term auxiliary, giving examples. 

330. Justify the singular verbs in the following : When 7 is 
substracted from 11 what is left ? A block and tackle was made 
use of. It must be one of our opponents that has done this. 
Niagara Falls is a grand sight. The army is marching up the hill. 

331. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : Toma- 
toes are said to be very healthy food. Did you send a verbal, or a 
written message ? You may esteem yourself fortunate if you 
escape so easily. After a considerable interval had transpired he 
returned to the office. I never saw such a quantity of sheep at 
a show before. 

332. Form sentences to show the proper prepositions to be used 
after absolve, accord, accuse, adapted, bestow, change, confide, 
comply, conversant, dependent, different, insist, prevail, profit. 

333. Distinguish the values of would in the folloiving : He would 
often walk by the sea-shore. This would seem to be correct. 

334. Distinguish the values of do in the following : This will do. 
How do you do ? He will do the work. 



36 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

335. Explain the use of the conjunctions in the following : Two 
and two make four. All men are black or white. He sat between 
you and me. He will not do it because you bade him. 

336. Which of the bracketed words is correct, and ivhyf Books, 
and not pleasure, (occupy, occupies) his time. Four days (was, 
were) a long time to wait. To profess and to possess (is, are) 
quite different. Neither wealth nor wisdom (give, gives) happi- 
ness. The house (was, were) divided on the question. Such 
(was, were) his words. 

337. Write five sentences with their verbs in the present indica- 
tive, representing five uses of the present tense. 

338. Supply suitable predicates for the following, using the 
present or the past tense of be, assigning reasons for the agree- 
ment : Either William or Henry. Either you or I. John or you. 
He, as well as you. You, and not he. More than a little. More 
than five. Nothing but ease and comfort. Not you, but Mary. 
John or James or their sisters. More than he. Fifty cents. 
"Thomson's Seasons." Bread and butter. Twice two. Six 
and five. It is I who. 

339. Analyse the following sentences: How came you thus es- 
tranged ? The sleigh stuck fast. She stood silent. She moved 
silently. The fog came pouring in. He came running to meet 
me. It froze hard last night. That is so, the world over. 

340. Analyse the following stanza : 

The moon was afloat, 

Like a golden boat 
On the sea-blue depths of the sky, 

When the miller of Dee, 

With his children three, 
On his fat, red horse, rode by. 

341. Express the meaning of the following by using the possessive 
case : The clothes of the workingmen were stolen. We admire 
the genius of Scott, the novelist. A reward of ten dollars is 
offered. Reily sells shoes for misses and ladies. Interest for six 
years has accumulated. 

342. Give examples of substantive, adjective, and adverbial 
clauses. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 37 

343. Give the clause-equivalents of the absolute phrases in the 
following: The wind being favorable, we set sail. The object 
being a good one, we shall support it. He out of the wa} r , we 
should have no difficulty. The sun having risen, we left. Away 
he went, I vainly trying to keep up with hirn. 

344. Give examples of a substantive clause used (1) as the sub- 
ject of a verb, (2) as the object of a verb, (3) as a predicate noun, 

(4) in apposition, (5) as object of a preposition. 

345. Explain by examples the difference between direct and indi- 
rect narrative. 

346. Give examples of an adverbial clause (1) of place, (2) of 
time, (3) of manner, (4) of cause, (5) of effect, (6) of condition. 

347. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : Which of 
you boys left your books laying on the desk ? I thought that 
he acted rather strange this morning. One after another rose 
and expressed their approval. I like it the best of any machine 
I have seen. How could any person get such an idea into their 
head ! Can I have it after you are done with it? 

348. Give the different meanings assignable to each of the fol- 
lowing : base, compact, host, kind, mine, pale, story, well, yard. 

349. Comment on the tense value of ought in He said he ought 
to go. 

350. Analyse the following sentences : He wished me well. He 
leaves this da}* week. You played me false. He refused me 
point blank. The prisoner pleaded guilty. He fell full length 
on the floor. The man was picked up dead. I take my soup hot. 

351. Explain the peculiarities in the meanings of the verbs in 

the following: James reads well. The book reads well. The 
waves break on the seashore. The box breaks open. He breaks 
silence. He breaks bread. Fare thee well. He over-slept him- 
self. The bread ate tough. The shoe gives. He went mad. 

352. Distinguish the successive periods of the introduction of 
a Latin element into English. 

353. Select sentences to illustrate the various kinds of subject and 
predicate complements. 



38 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

354. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : There 
was lots of fun at the meeting last night. The oldest of the two 
is about as tall as me. Actions speak plainer than words. Neither 
of the sisters were at church this morning. These two children 
seem to be very fond of one another. Perhaps it wasn't her that 
you saw. He seemed to think that any sort of an excuse would 
do. It is thought to have been him that first suggested it. 

355. Justify Ben Jonson's statement: Z is a letter often heard 
among us, but seldom seen. 

356. Give practical rides for the use of shall and will in ashing 
questions in the second person. 

357. Give three rules for the insertion of the semicolon in punct- 
uation. 

358. Analyse the following stanza : 

Night had anchored the moon, 
Not a moment too soon, 

Under the lee of the sky ; 
For the wind it blew, 
And the rain fell, too, 

And the river of Dee ran high. 

359. What is prosody ? Quote tivo lines of poetry, exemplifying 
(1) the iambic, and (2) the anapcestic measure. 

360. Give other forms of the folloiving : Bleach, chivalry, 
chisel, custom, fashion, flower, sample, ticket, treason, wait. 

361. Separate each of the folloiving into primitives and suffixes, 

and show how the suffixes affect the meaning : Healthiness, drainage, 
ventilation, basement, trembling, sailors, ghastly, European, cour- 
teous, maidenhood, kindred, darling, farthing, nibble, stealth. 

362. How many tenses have verbals f 

363. Write sentences containing the following words correctly 
used: Bacon, baken ; bale, bail; brake, break; faint, feint; lade, 
laid ; lane, lain ; plane, plain ; pray, prey ; stake, steak ; vain, 
vein ; wait, weight ; wave, waive ; wade, weighed. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 39 

364. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors: He will 
be anxious to learn the result. Whom did you say it was that 
gave it to you? I intended to have written it on Saturday. I was 
in hopes to have finished it before you came. He has formerly 
been a resident of the town. It is more than a year since he has 
visited the school. How far did you say it was from New York 
to Philadelphia ? If it is fine to-morrow I may take you for a walk. 
Go and see if the office be open yet. You need not have taken so 
much trouble. 

365. Write English equivalents for the following foreign expres- 
sions : Boudoir, coup d'etat, ad valorem, per, alma mater, alias, 
bona fide, contra, ex officio, idem, nota bene, pro bono publico, 
sine die, con, verbatim, versus, via, vice versa. 

366. What are figures of speech? Point out and name the 
figures found in the following sentences : The pen is mightier than 
the sword. He shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water. 
Gray hairs should be respected. Fifty sail were in the harbor. 
She has seen eighteen summers. Thy word is a lamp to my feet 
and a light to my path. Thou art my rock and my fortress. He 
is in the morning of life. 

367. Which sentence is correct, and ivhyf 

I intended to write him a letter. 

I intended to have written him a letter. 

I expected to be at home when you calletl. 

I expected to have been at home when you called. 

He thought to see him at his office. 

He thought to have seen him at his office. 

368. Express in your own language the thoughts contained in 
the following sentences: To err is human — to forgive divine. To 
thine own self be true, and it must follow as the night the day, 
thou canst not then be false to any man. Of thy unspoken word, 
thou art master ; thy spoken word is master of thee. 

369. Change the follow' in g stanza to prose : 

The heights by great men reached and kept 

Were not attained by sudden flight, 
But they, while their companions slept, 

Were toiling upward in the night. 



40 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

370. Write sentences containing the past tense of each of these 
verbs: sit, set, lie, lay, fly, flow, rise, raise. 

371. Give three adjectives compared by the use of suffixes, three 
by prefixing loords, three irregularly, and three not compared. 

372. Write an advertisement of an article lost, for insertion in 
a newspaper. 

373. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : It was 
doubtful who it should be given to. Every thought and feeling 
are opposed to it. This is the highest mountain in Vermont which 
I have climbed. Below the town there is a harbor and a break- 
water for ships. Of his bones are coral made. 

374. Give examples of adverbs being used to qualify a clause or 
sentence. 

375. State five objections to the rule that when the subject consists 
of two or more singular nominatives, connected by a copulative con- 
junction, the verb must be plural. 

376. Give examples of the word since being used as three different 
parts of speech. 

377. Analyse the folloioing selection: 

Here in full light the russet plains extend ; 
There, wrapp'd in clouds, the bluish hills ascend. 
Even the wild heath displays her purple dyes ; 
And 'midst the desert fruitful fields arise, 
That, crown'd with tufted trees and springing corn. 
Like verdant isles the sable waste adorn. 

378. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : The safet}*- 
matches will only ignite upon the box. Whether he be the man 
or no, I cannot say. I expected to have received an answer to my 
letter. These are the men whom I know will come. Pain mixed 
with pity in our bosoms rise. Let you and I endeavor to restrain 
him. 

379. Write sentences containing the following words correctly 
used: Fare, fair; pare, pair, pear; calender, calendar; canvass, 
canvas ; jam, jamb ; mantle, mantel ; marshal, martial ; aught, 
ought ; claws, clause ; beech, beach ; henr, here ; mean, mien ; 
peace, piece ; seal, ceil ; teas, tease ; lessen, lesson. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 41 

380. State the languages through which principally terms relat- 
ing to (1) politics, (2) philosophy, (3) music, and (4) medicine 
have reached us. Give examples. 

381. Give three examples of the corrupt/on of words. 

382. Write a letter to a friend, inviting him to take part in a 
game of croquet. 

383. Add ing to each of the following words : Hop, skip, play, 
shoe, spill, sponge, singe, swell, sparkle, smoke, glitter, creep. 

384. What is a quotation ? What rides should be folloived in 
writing cptotations ? 

385. What is an interrogative pronoun f 

386. Analyse the following stanza: 

Princes and lords may flourish or may fade, 
A breath can make them, as a breath has made ; 
But a bold peasantry, their country's pride, 
When once destroyed, can never be supplied. 

387. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : Not a 
boy in the class knew their lessons to-day. Each of the gentle- 
men present offered their assistance. Neither of the workmen 
had brought their tools. If any one wants it let them sa}' so. 
He isn't one of those men who would abandon his principles for 
office. 

388. From the folloiving primitives form by suffixes as many 
derivatives as possible, {living in each case the force of the addition: 
Sweet, law. Asia. Canada, friend, conclude, muscle, water, honor, 
break, lamb, know, jewel, game, black, prior. 

389. Which of the pronouns have gender ? 

390. When the subject of a verb is a noun, of what person must 
the verb be ? Why ? 

391. Give the derivation of, and define each of, the following 
grammatical terms : Adjunct, antecedent, apposition, auxiliary, 
comparison, complement, conjugation, ellipsis, imperative, inflec- 
tion, neuter, participle, relative, responsive, tense, transitive, 
verbal. 



42 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

392. Distinguish the difference in meaning : 

She has more discretion than genius. 
She has more discretion than a genius. 

Southey is a better prose writer than poet. 
Southe\- is a better prose writer than a poet. 

The secretary and treasurer will be on hand. 
The secretary and the treasurer will be on hand. 

He was happier than any person in the house. 

He was happier than any other person in the house. 

Few men have been more honored. 
A few men have been more honored. 

My friend had a taste of farming. 
My friend had a taste for farming. 

393. Why do ive always use the plural form of the verb with the 
pronoun you? 

394. Incorporate the following words in sentences, and by so 
doing show that each has more than one meaning : Apparent, bank, 
beam, blade, board, brace, cleave, commit, desert, express, flatter, 
founder, ground, league, mangle, mould, pallet, panel, patient, 
rock, rose, season, sound, spring, tender, wear. 

395. Copy the folloiving sentences, correcting errors : I always 
have and always will uphold that view. Has the committee given 
in their report yet? The committee who drafted the report was 
composed of three members. He is a man of whom I have often 
heard, but I have never seen him. I dare say she is as old, if not 
older, than you. This stuff is coarser and in every way inferior 
to the other. In this way they learn to steal and many other 
vices. Here is the book that you lent me, and which I forgot to 
return yesterday. 

396. Which of the persona/ pronouns are used in the nomina' 
tive and cdso in the objective case? 

397. Write a list often adjectives, each of which expresses action. 

398. Of what use is the complement of a copulative verb ? 

399. What three things may a verb denote by its form? 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 43 

400. Say which of the following words you would divide at the 
end of the line, and where: Articulation, addition, table, wealth, 
machine, mechanical, heard, teacup, courageous, field, tabular, 
window, teacher, strength, himself, government, ocean, gracious. 

401. Point out the verbals, and explain the relation of each : A 
soldier lay dying. The slate used for roofing houses is a kind of 
rock. A kind act done quickly is done twice. A man trying to 
do his duty is a man to be admired. The government made 
preparations to crush the rebellion. Trying to do a good deed is 
doins a good deed. It is wrono- to steal. The man came running. 

402. Write three sentences containing phrases used as adjectives. 

403. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors: If I was 

him I would be ashamed to go there again. Hardly had she 
entered the car than she discovered her loss. I have frequently 
been asked what we teachers did at our meetings. The mob 
appears to have come to their senses at last. As I never saw one 
before. I was greatly surprised. It must have been very difficult 
to have kept it secret so long. 

404. Write the past tense of be, will, do, can, have, write, 

may. love, shall, give. 

405. Analyse the follow ing selection: 

The melancholy days are come, the saddest of the year, 

Of wailing winds, and naked woods, and meadows brown and 

sere. 
Heaped in the hollows of the grove, the autumn leaves lie dead ; 
They rustle to the eddying gust, and to the rabbit's tread. 
The robin and the wren are flown, and from the shrubs the jay, 
And from the wood-top calls the crow through all the gloomy day. 

406. What is a participle, and why so called? 

407. What particular names are given to the inflection of nouns, 
pronouns, adjectives, and verbs, respectively? 

408. Give illustrations of the use of each of the following pre- 
fixes: Ad. ante, be, con, contra, de, dis, extra, inter, mis, non, 
pe*\ post. pre. pro. re, sub. super, syn, trans, on. 

409. Write three sentences containing phrases used as adverbs. 



44 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

410. Clauses may be introduced by subordinate conjunctions, 
pronouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Give an illustration of each. 

411. Write three sentences containing clauses used as nouns, 
three containing clauses used as adverbs, and three containing clauses 
used as adjectives. 

412. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : How long 
is it since you have heard from your brother? Was it him that 
argued that the earth was flat ? If he was at home he would give 
us any quantity of it. Whom does he think it could have been ? 
It couldn't have been them that we passed. It must have been 
her that you saw, not me. He said that you and me might go if 
we liked. She is older than me, but I am nearly as tall as her. 

413. Use correctly in sentences the present and past participles 

of bite, bleed, eat, feel, flee, fly, flow, ring, come, draw, get, go, 
lie, lay, sit, set, see, do, break, loose, lose, try. 

414. Give an example of a verbal noun, a material noun, a 
collective noun, an abstract noun, a demonstrative pronoun, an 
indefinite pronoun, a regular verb, a transitive verb, a verbal ad- 
jective, a numeral adjective, a proper adjective, a co-ordinate con- 
junction, and an interjection. 

415. A verb may express action, existence, or condition. Illus- 
trate. 

416. Use correctly in sentences : By, bye, buy ; to, too, two ; cent, 
sent, scent ; pear, pare, pair ; so, sew, sow ; write, wright, right. 

417. Which of the bracketed words is correct, and why 9 He 
had (partly, partially) finished the work. In what (part, portion) 
of the state does he live ? He behaved in a very (reverent, rever- 
end) manner. He thanked them for the honor (bestowed, con- 
ferred) on him. Shall I (peel, pare) this apple for you? Shall 
I (peel, pare) this orange for you ? I would have gone if it had 
been (ever, never) so stormy. 

418. In imperative sentences, the subject follows the verb. 
Illustrate. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 45 



419. Analyse the following stanza: 

As travellers oft look back at eve 

When eastward darkly going, 
To gaze upon that light they leave 

Still faint behind them glowing ; 
So, when the close of pleasure's day 

To gloom hath near consigned us, 
We turn to catch one fading ray 

Of joy that's left behind us. 

420. Write from memory a sTwrt poem that you like. 

421. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : Each of 
the candidates were allowed another trial. Nearly every one of 
the applicants were from this country. Have either of you boys a 
pencil ? Every door and every window were crowded with specta- 
tors. More than one accident has happened in that way. Was 
you at school the day it happened ? Sufficient data has been given 
to solve it. 

422. Write five interrogative sentences that are indirect ques^ 
tions. 

423. Write five sentences in each of which you use an infinitive 

as the subject of a verb. 

424. Give the meaning of each of the folloiving words : Indolent, 
benevolent, venerable, stealthy, amiable, enthusiastic, frugal, ex- 
travagant, persevering, worthy, boisterous, obstinate, discreet, 
merciful, dignified, truthful, sincere, estimable, desperate, chari- 
table. 

425. Adjectives that express number generally precede adjectives 
that express quality, and follow other adjectives. Illustrate. 

426. Which of the bracketed words is correct, and why : (Will, 
shall) you be sorry to leave Boston? (Will, shall) I be allowed 
another trial? He has decided that he (will, shall) not return it. 
He offers a prize to whoever (will, shall) guess it. We (should, 
would) be pleased to have you rail and see it. What (would, 
should) we do without you? He promised that it (would, should) 
not occur again. 



46 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

427. Arrange the ivords in their natural order : Let the water 
and the blood from Thy riven side which flowed, be of sin the 
double cure. 

428. Analyse the following stanza : 

Art is long and Time is fleeting, 

And our hearts, though stout and brave, 

Still, like muffled drums, are beating 
Funeral marches to the grave. 

429. Write explanatory notes on the folloiving terms: Loose 
sentence, metre, alliteration, rhyme, stanza, irony, sarcasm, 
epithet. 

430. Write sentences containing the folloiving words correctly 
used: Adopt, alone, anticipate, apt, balance, bound, calculate, 
contemptible, couple, depreciate, execute, gratuitous, individual. 

431. In a ten-line composition compare a day in winter with a 
day in summer. 

432. For what is a verb inflected 9 

433. Write a sentence in which you use a verb of the indica- 
tive mood, present tense, second person, and singular number. 

434. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : I found 
it very different to what I expected. Compare your work to his, 
and you will see the difference. Is the music accompanied by the 
words? He was quite ill with typhoid fever at the time. Try to 
rid yourself from all such prejudices. I did not take notice to 
what he said. In what state is Bloomfield in? She felt the need 
for some one to advise her. He would be very angry at us if he 
knew. There was too long an interval between each game. 

435. Explain the difference in the meaning of the sentences in 
; each pair : 

Every man should leave a good name behind him. 
Every man would leave a good name behind him. 

The river will not overflow. 
The river shall not overflow. 

Nobody will save me ; I shall be drowned. 
Nobody shall save me ; I will be drowned. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 47 

436. Write a sentence ft}* each of the definite forms of do as an 
auxiliary. 

437. Write a sentence containing a verb in the present sub- 
junctive. 

438. From ivhat sources do most derivatives and compound 
verbs come? Give examples. 

439. Give an example of an adjective used absolutely. 

440. Two adjectives have case forms. Name them. 

441. Distinguish between the use of few and a few, little and a 
little, and them and those. 

442. Adjectives expressing singular or plural ideas and their 
nouns must agree. Illustrate. 

443. Use the folloiving words in sentences of your own construc- 
tion — each, first as an adjective, then as an adverb : 111, move, less, 
all, little, much, hard, so, the. 

444. Improve the folloiving sentences : He did not understand 
what he had done clearly. I heard all you said very plainly. 
These two problems are solved exactly in the same way. I had 
only gone a mile. I only ate one apple. He intended to often 
write me. The lights were seen to suddenly go out. 

445. Conjugate lie and fay. 

446. Give examples of adjectives and adverbs used as abstract 
nouns. 

447. Analyse the following selection: 

Near yonder copse, where once the garden smiled, 
And still where many a garden flower grows wild, 
There, where a few torn shrubs the place disclose, 
The village preacher's modest mansion rose. 
A man he was to all the country dear, 
And passing rich with forty pounds a year. 

448. Do pronouns always stand for nouns? Illustrate. 



48 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

449. Quote rules for the use of that, who, and which. 

450. Why is the possessive used before gerunds f Illustrate the 
ambiguity it prevents. 

451. Which mood has the same form for all the persons and 

numbers f 

452. Give the subjunctive form of: She goes to school. Thomas 
is a captain. The mayor lives here. We see the moon. The hat 
fits him. She understood you. The clock ticks too loud. I am 
here. Recite your lesson. Lift up your heads. Eeturn the 
paper. 

453. Distinguish in meaning between: 

Just think of him being engaged in such work. 
Just think of his being engaged in such work. 

She sings as well as plays. 
She sings as well as she plays. 

If he did it, he would be punished. 
If he did it, he should be punished. 

If he was present, what should I do ? 
If he were present, what should I do ? 

454. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : He be- 
haved so bad that I had to suspend him. She seemed real glad to 
see us. Read it slower, if you please. Walk as quiet as you can. 
I managed that part of it easy enough. They were exceeding glad 
to see him. Isn't it near finished yet? He ought to dress more 
suitable to his position. Just as like as not you will meet him. 
How beautifully your garden looks this morning ! 

455. What tivo verbs are classed with prepositions f 

456. Write sentences illustrating the use of the dash and brackets. 

457. Analyse the following selection : 

There is a land, of every land the pride, 
Beloved of heaven o'er all the world beside ; 
Where brighter suns dispense serener light, 
And milder moons imparadise the night. 
O, thou shalt find, howe'er thy footsteps roam, 
That land thy country, and that spot thy home. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 49 

458. By using auxiliary verbs, hoiv can we express future time- 
permission, obligation, and determination, respectively. 

459. Of ichat use is an auxiliary verb f 

460. Which auxiliary and wliich participle do ice use to make 
the passive form ? 

461. Which of the bracketed words in each of the following sen- 
tences is preferable ? What method of (proceeding, procedure) 
would you adopt? I heard it from our (mutual, common) friend. 
Were your instructions (oral, verbal) or written? He soon ac- 
quired the (custom, habit) of using opium. Don't leave any more 
than you (can, can't) help. The goods are to be sold (at, by) 
auction. He professed great sympathy (with, for) them. His 
face assumed a (deadly, deathly) paleness. The (whole, entire) 
floor is covered with it. 

462. Improve the following sentences : Are you not through your 
dinner yet ? Are you done with the ruler now ? You had no call 
to leave it within his reach. Do you mind what I told you last 
day? Don't let on that you see him. He vowed that he had for- 
gotten all about it. Did you make out to find where he lived ? 

463. Wliich of the auxiliaries may be used as principal verbs? 

464. Write a sentence in which you use shall to denote futurity 
and determination, respectively. 

465. Wliat is conjugation ? Conjugate the verb teach in three 
moods. 

466. Conjugate the verb be in the subjunctive mood. 

467. Analyse the following selection: 

At midnight, in his guarded tent, 
The Turk was dreaming of the hour 
When Greece, her knee in suppliance bent, 
Should tremble at his power. 

468. A verb ichich is in a clause should agree in tense with the 
principal verb in the sentence. Quote sentences to illustrate this 
rule. 



50 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

469. Use each of these words correctly as a verb : Head, finger, 
hand, breast, toe, black, foot, ink, eye, better, fool. 

470. Write tivo sentences in each of ivhich you use a prepositional 
phrase to modify an adjective. + 

471. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : She met 
in with them on her way home. Lend me the loan of your ruler 
for a little while. Whenever I see her, she always asks about you. 
He did it equally as well as his friends. It must be ten years ago 
since he left home. Neither you nor nobody else ever saw me do 
it. He isn't likely to come by this train, I don't suppose. There 
wasn't hardly any one there that I knew. He has got a good deal 
more to do this term. His two sisters were both at the meeting. 
I sort of thought you would come to-night. I see them most every 
day. The agent wasn't to home when I called. She lives quite a 
long ways from the school. Where are you stopping at present? 

472. Point out the ambiguity in the following sentences .* I think 
3'ou will find my Latin exercise at least as good as his. Rich or 
poor, you have always been a true friend to me. The boy says he 
knows more than his teacher. I thought that the safest plan was 
to praise everything he did. I leave my property to my brother 
and his children in succession. I can't find one of my books. He 
observed that the attendance was smaller than usual. I ate a lit- 
tle pie for dinner. She sent her back for her shawl, which she had 
forgotten to bring. He liked to hear her talk better than any of 
her associates. He wished for nothing more than a dictionary. 
I was not aware that you had been away till yesterday. 

473. Distinguish between co-ordinate and subordinate conjunc- 
tions. 

474. When an adjective clause is introduced by a relative pro- 
noun, what does the clause modify? In what kind of a clause is a 
relative pronoun always found ? 

475. Of what part of speech is each italicized word : He said 
that he would go. What is it good for? He walks but slowly. 
We eat that we may live. Tell me why you are dull. Hit him 
hard. John hit Will a rap. They are interesting to such as care 
for these things. 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 51 

476. You are member of a local literary society, and ivish to give 
notice of a motion -which you intend to make at the next meeting. 
Write the notice. 

477. Analyse the following selections : 

As in the theatre, the eyes of men, 
After a well-graced actor leaves the stage, 
Are idly bent on him that enters next, 
Thinking his prattle to be tedious. 

Lowliness is young ambition's ladder, 
Whereto the climber-upward turns his face ; 
But when he once attains the upmost round, 
He then unto the ladder turns his back, 
Looks on the clouds, scorning the base degrees 
By which he did ascend. 

There's a divinity that shapes our ends, 
Rough-hew them how we will. 

He that filches from me my good name, 
Robs me of that which ne'er enriches him, 
And makes me poor indeed. 

478. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : There is 
no two of them exactly alike. Can I leave my seat for a few 
minutes? Is there an}' one in the class that don't understand it? 
Who did you give my watch to? Her and I can carry it easy 
enough. There is surely some other places of importance. It 
was so dark that I couldn't see the horses, hardly. What did he 
say the name of this station is? I meant to have written it this 
morning. You will seldom or ever find him to home in the even- 
ing. Nobody but you and she were in the room since. He asked 
me if he could not have the use of it for a few days. How long 
is it since you have heard from your brother ? 

479. Write a complex interrogative sentence. 

480. Quote three rules for spelling. 

481. You are secretary of the Public School Committee of your 
town. Write a notice calling the members together for a special 
meeting. 



52 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

482. Express the meaning of the following telegram in the fewest 
possible words : I will be home on a late train this evening. Am 
bringing your sister with me. Meet us with carriage at the depot. 

483. Analyse the following selection : 

The way was long, the wind was cold, 
The minstrel was infirm and old ; 
His withered cheek and tresses gray 
Seemed to have known a better day ; 
The harp, his sole remaining jo} T , 
Was carried by an orphan boy. 

484. Give the derivation of each of the following ivords: Biped, 
peddler ; annual, millennium ; capital, precipice ; creed, discredit ; 
currency, excursion ; aggregate, congregate ; initial, transitory ; 
contemporary, temperance ; dictate, contradict. 

485. Explain the meaning of each of the following terms : Verse, 
couplet, blank verse, epic poetry, sonnet, elegy. 

486. Name the figures of speech in the following: Lend me 
your ears. Borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry. He will 
bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave. The pen is 
mightier than the sword. The air bites shrewdl}*. My heart is in 
the coffin there with Caesar. Beware of the bottle. I have 
bought golden opinions. Please address the chair. The gloom of 
despondency hung like a cloud over the land. 

487. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors : Let every 
one attend to their own work. I prefer to wait for him than to go 
alone. You can't deny but what you received notice. Nobody 
but you and I seem to know about it. There could not have been 
a more unanimous meeting. I will have to go alone without" he 
changes his mind. I don't hardly think he will come to-night. 
Would there be any use in us going to see him about it. Who 
was Cortez sent out by? If any person is not satisfied with the 
pictures, I will refund them their money. This letter is from my 
cousin Jennie, she that you met here last year. Such prices are 
only paid in times of great scarcity. 

488. What are impersonal verbs, and why so called? 

489. In what ways may proper nouns be used as common ? 



PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 53 

490. An old school friend of yours has attained high honors at 
college. Write him a letter of congratulation. 

491. Write a letter introducing a young lady friend of yours to 
a minister in a distant city. 

492. Specify the country or language to which we owe each of 
the following words: tea, aeronaut, algebra, bayonet, caste, bazaar, 
tomahawk, sherry. 

493. Analyse the following selections: 

Fair laughs the morn, and soft the zephyr blows, 
While proudly riding o'er the azure realm 

In gallant trim the gilded vessel goes ; 

Youth on the prow, aud Pleasure at the helm. 

The rose is fairest when 'tis budding new, 

And hope is brightest when it dawns from fears. 

The rose is sweetest washed with morning dew, 
And love is loveliest when embalmed in tears. 

494. Prepare five rides for the use of capital letters. 

495. In what instances is the possessive case not resolvable into 
a noun preceded by a preposition? 

496. Have participles tense? Explain. 

497. Copy the following sentences, correcting errors: There 
isn't any complements, I don't think. Every intelligent mechanic 
ought to use their influence on his behalf. You never have, and I 
trust you never will, meet with such trial. There is no doubt but 
what he expected to have been first. I told him he could stop at 
home this afternoon, if he liked. She couldn't answer a single 
question, scarcely. She had forgot to tell him that the flour was 
near done. "Who does he think the association is likely to appoint 
as their agent here ? You can take any that you can find laying 
on the counter. It is possible that you may never have such 
another chance. He evidently didn't know what it was to be 
afraid. 

498. Write a letter introducing a young friend of yours to a 
minister in a distant city. 



54 PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. 

499. Write a twenty -word complex sentence about each of the 
following: The Telephone, Strikes, A Locomotive, Success, Early 
Rising, The Wonders of Electricity, Temperance, The Next Pres- 
idential Election, America's Greatness, Railways. 

500*. Express the meaning of each sentence by a different form^ 
of expression from that given : The birds of the air have nests- 
The dinner was excellent for the occasion. Gold is the most 
beautiful metal. Knowledge is power. Milton wrote the greatest 
epic in our language. 

501. You are a teacher and desire a situation. Write to a 
school superintendent. Ash information about certain vacancies, 
and state your qualifications and the salary you will accept. 

502. Criticise the following: 

Just to thy word, in every thought sincere, 

Who knew no wish but what the world might hear. 

Danger, long travel, want, or woe, 
Soon change the form that best we know. 

What shall we sa} T , since silent now is he, 
Who, when he spake, all things would silent be? 

Praise from a friend, or censure from a foe, 
A.re lost on hearers who our merits know. 

The friends thou hast, and their adoption tried, 
Grapple them to thy soul with hooks of steel. 

But scarce could trust my eyes 
When sudden in the ring I view 
A mounted champion rise. 

Till through the British world was known 
The names of Pitt and Fox alone. 



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